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Quillaja saponaria
''Quillaja saponaria'', the soap bark tree or soapbark, is an evergreen tree in the family Quillajaceae, native to warm temperate central Chile. In Chile it occurs from 32 to 40° South Latitude approximately. Populations are found even 2000 m (6500 ft) above sea level. It can grow to 15–20 m (50–65 ft) in height. The tree has thick, dark bark, smooth, leathery, shiny, oval evergreen leaves 3–5 cm long, white flowers 15 mm diameter borne in dense corymbs, and a dry fruit with five follicles each containing 10-20 seeds.
==Characteristics==
The inner bark of ''Quillaja saponaria'' can be reduced to powder and employed as a substitute for soap, since it forms a lather with water, owing to the presence of a glucoside saponin, sometimes distinguished as quillaia saponin. It also applied as an agricultural spray adjuvant. The same, or a closely similar substance, is found in soapwort (''Saponaria officinalis''), in senega root (''Polygala senega'') and in sarsaparilla; it appears to be chemically related to digitonin, which occurs in ''digitalis''. The wood is used in cabinetry, and scents derived from the tree are used in perfumes and cosmetics.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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